32 Most Common Drugs/medicines used in hospital

1. Atropine
2. Pentoprazole/R-zole
3. Ceftriaxone
4. Diclofenac
5. Deriphylline
6. Vancomycin
7. Tranexamic
8. Tramadol
9. Citicoline
10. Diazepam
11. Paracetamol
12. Amikacin
13. Pheniramine
14. Midazolam
15. Adrenaline
16. Dexamethasone
17. Xylocaine

18. Multivitamin injection
19. Piperacillin and tazobactam(Pipzo)
20. Amoxicillin

21. Meropenem

22. Hydrocortisone Injection

23. Sodium Bicarbonate

24. Tetanus Injection

25. Factor 9
26. Furosemide(Lasix)

27. Gentamicin

28. Ampicillin
29. Tetracycline
30. Aminoglycosides
31. Ketamine
32. Diazepam

1. Atropin

Atropine is a medication that is used to treat a variety of conditions, including:

1. Slow heart rate or abnormal heart rhythms: Atropine can be used to increase the heart rate in people with bradycardia (slow heart rate) or to treat abnormal heart rhythms.
2. Poisoning: Atropine can be used as an antidote for poisoning caused by certain medications or chemicals, such as organophosphates (insecticides) or nerve gases.
3. Eye conditions: Atropine is often used as eye drops to dilate the pupil and reduce pain and swelling in the eye. It can also be used to treat certain eye conditions, such as uveitis (inflammation of the middle layer of the eye) and amblyopia (lazy eye).
4. Bladder problems: Atropine can be used to relax the muscles of the bladder and treat urinary retention (difficulty urinating).
5. Spasms: Atropine can be used to relax the muscles and relieve spasms in the gut, respiratory system, or other parts of the body.

It is important to note that atropine can have side effects, including dry mouth, increased heart rate, and drowsiness. It should be used with caution in people with certain medical conditions, such as heart disease or glaucoma.

2. Pentoprazole/R-zole

Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that is used to reduce the production of stomach acid. It is used to treat a variety of conditions, including:

1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
2. Peptic ulcers
3. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
4. Esophagitis
5. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection

Omeprazole is available as a prescription medication and can also be purchased over the counter in some countries. It is typically taken orally, in the form of a capsule, and is usually taken once or twice a day.

Common side effects of omeprazole include:

1. Nausea
2. Diarrhea
3. Stomach pain
4. Constipation
5. Headache

If you have any questions or concerns about taking omeprazole, you should speak with your healthcare provider.

3. Ceftriaxone

Ceftriaxone is a type of antibiotic that belongs to the cephalosporin class of drugs. It is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, including infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and soft tissue. It is also used to prevent infections in people who are at high risk, such as those who are undergoing surgery or have compromised immune systems.

Some key points about ceftriaxone include:

1. Ceftriaxone is given intravenously (through a vein) or intramuscularly (into a muscle).
2. It is usually taken once or twice a day, depending on the severity of the infection and the patient’s specific needs.
3. Ceftriaxone is generally well-tolerated, but some people may experience side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and allergic reactions.
4. It is important to take ceftriaxone exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider and to complete the full course of treatment, even if the symptoms of the infection improve.
5. Ceftriaxone can interact with certain medications and supplements, so it is important to tell a healthcare provider about all the medications and supplements being taken.
6. Ceftriaxone is not recommended for people who are allergic to cephalosporin antibiotics.
7. Ceftriaxone is effective against a wide range of bacteria, but it is not effective against viral infections.

4. Diclofenac

Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammation. It is available in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, gels, creams, and suppositories. Diclofenac is used to treat a wide range of conditions, including:

1. Pain: Diclofenac is used to relieve pain from various sources, including dental pain, headache, muscle aches, and menstrual cramps.
2. Inflammation: Diclofenac is used to reduce inflammation and swelling, which can be caused by a variety of conditions such as arthritis, bursitis, and tendinitis.
3. Fever: Diclofenac can also be used to reduce fever.
4. Other uses: Diclofenac may be used to treat other conditions as determined by a healthcare provider.

It is important to note that diclofenac carries some risks and side effects, including the potential for gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration. It is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider when using diclofenac and to report any side effects to a healthcare provider.

5. Deriphylline

Deriphylline is a drug that belongs to the class of medications called bronchodilators. It is used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Here are some key points about deriphylline:

1. Deriphylline is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, which helps to open up the airways and improve breathing.
2. It is typically used to treat asthma, COPD, and other respiratory conditions that involve narrowing of the airways.
3. Deriphylline may be used alone or in combination with other medications to treat these conditions.
4. It is available in tablet and oral solution form and is usually taken by mouth.
5. Common side effects of deriphylline include dizziness, headache, and palpitations. More serious side effects, such as an allergic reaction, may also occur.
6. It is important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions when taking deriphylline and to inform your healthcare provider if you experience any side effects.

6. Vancomycin

Vancomycin is a medication that is used to treat infections caused by bacteria. It is primarily used to treat infections of the skin, bone, and respiratory tract, and is often used as a last resort when other antibiotics have not been effective. Some key points about vancomycin include:

1. Mechanism of action: Vancomycin works by inhibiting the synthesis of the cell wall in bacteria, which leads to the death of the bacteria.
2. Administration: Vancomycin is usually given by injection into a vein (intravenous or IV) or muscle (intramuscular). It may also be given orally in some cases.
3. Side effects: Vancomycin can cause a range of side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and allergic reactions. It can also cause hearing loss or kidney damage if not used carefully.
4. Monitoring: Vancomycin levels in the blood should be monitored regularly to ensure that the appropriate dosage is being used and to prevent toxicity.
5. Resistance: Some strains of bacteria have developed resistance to vancomycin, which can make it less effective in treating certain infections.
6. Alternative treatment options: Other antibiotics may be used as alternatives to vancomycin, depending on the specific infection being treated.

7. Tranexamic

Tranexamic acid is a synthetic antifibrinolytic medication that is used to treat or prevent bleeding. It works by inhibiting the breakdown of blood clots, which helps to reduce the loss of blood from bleeding. Here are some key points about tranexamic acid:

1. Tranexamic acid is used to treat or prevent bleeding in a variety of medical conditions, including heavy menstrual periods, nose-bleeding, and bleeding following surgery or tooth extraction.
2. It is available in both oral and injectable forms.
3. Tranexamic acid is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and allergic reactions.
4. It should be used with caution in people with a history of blood clots or certain medical conditions, such as kidney disease or a bleeding disorder.
5. Tranexamic acid should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
6. It is important to follow the dosing instructions provided by your healthcare provider when taking tranexamic acid. Do not take more or less than the recommended amount.
7. Tranexamic acid should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep it out of reach of children.

8. Tramadol

Tramadol is a prescription opioid pain medication that is used to treat moderate to severe pain. It works by changing the way the brain and nervous system respond to pain. Tramadol is available in both immediate-release and extended-release forms and can be taken by mouth as tablets, capsules, or oral drops.

Some points to consider about tram adol include:

1. Tramadol is a controlled substance, which means it is regulated by the government because it has the potential to be abused.
2. Tramadol is generally only prescribed for short-term use because of the risk of dependence and addiction.
3. Tramadol can cause side effects, including dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, and constipation. It can also interact with other medications, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking.
4. Tramadol can be addictive, and it is important to take it only as directed by a healthcare provider and to not take more than the prescribed amount.
5. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, you should not take tramadol without first discussing it with your healthcare provider.
6. If you have a history of drug abuse or addiction, you may be at increased risk for developing an addiction to tramadol.
7. It is important to store tramadol out of reach of children and to properly dispose of any unused medication.

9. Citicoline

Citicoline, also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline or CDP-choline, is a compound that is naturally found in the body and is involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a key component of cell membranes. It is also available as a dietary supplement. Here are some key points about citicoline:

1. Citicoline is thought to enhance the synthesis of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is involved in learning, memory, and other cognitive functions.
2. Some research suggests that citicoline may have potential benefits for cognitive function and brain health. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and determine the optimal dosage and duration of treatment.
3. Citicoline is generally considered safe when taken at recommended doses. However, it may cause side effects such as nausea, stomach pain, and diarrhea in some people.
4. Citicoline is available as a dietary supplement in the form of capsules, tablets, and powders. It is also sometimes added to energy drinks and other functional beverages.
5. Citicoline supplements are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, and the quality and purity of these products may vary. It is important to purchase citicoline from a reputable source.
6. Citicoline should not be used as a substitute for proven medical treatments and should not be used without the supervision of a healthcare provider.

10. Diazepam

Diazepam is a prescription medication used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures. It is also sometimes used to treat alcohol withdrawal and to relieve anxiety and tension associated with certain medical procedures. Diazepam belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines, which work by decreasing abnormal excitement in the brain.

Here are some key points about diazepam:

• Diazepam is available in several forms, including tablets, capsules, liquid, and rectal gel.
• It is usually taken by mouth, but it can also be given intravenously (through a vein) or rectally.
• Diazepam is generally taken one to four times per day, depending on the condition being treated.
• The dosage and duration of treatment with diazepam will vary depending on the condition being treated and the individual patient.
• Common side effects of diazepam include drowsiness, dizziness, and muscle weakness.
• Diazepam can be habit-forming and should be used with caution in people with a history of substance abuse.
• It is important to take diazepam exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider. Do not increase the dosage or frequency of use without the approval of a healthcare provider.
• If you miss a dose of diazepam, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for the next dose. Do not double the dose to catch up.
• Diazepam should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep it out of reach of children and pets.

11. Paracetamol

Paracetamol is a common pain reliever and fever reducer. It is used to treat a variety of conditions, including:

1. Headaches
2. Muscle aches
3. Toothaches
4. Menstrual cramps
5. Arthritis
6. Common cold and flu
7. Fever

Paracetamol is generally safe when taken as directed, but it can cause serious side effects if taken in large amounts or combined with alcohol. It is important to follow the dosing instructions on the package or as directed by a healthcare provider.

It is also important to note that paracetamol is not effective for reducing inflammation, as it does not have anti-inflammatory properties. For conditions that involve inflammation, such as arthritis, other medications may be more appropriate.

12. Amikacin

Amikacin is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by bacteria. It belongs to a class of antibiotics called aminoglycosides, which work by inhibiting the production of proteins essential for the bacteria’s survival.

Here are some key points about amikacin:

• Amikacin is often used to treat infections that are resistant to other antibiotics, such as certain types of pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and skin infections.
• Amikacin is typically given as an injection into a muscle or vein, or as an infusion into a vein.
• Common side effects of amikacin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness. More serious side effects, such as hearing loss or kidney damage, can occur, but are rare.
• Amikacin should be used with caution in people with kidney problems or hearing loss, as these conditions can be exacerbated by the drug.
• It is important to complete the full course of amikacin as prescribed by a healthcare provider, even if the symptoms of the infection improve. Stopping treatment early can allow the bacteria to continue to grow and lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant infections.
• Amikacin should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus.

13. Pheniramine

Pheniramine is an antihistamine medication that is used to treat allergies and cold symptoms. Some key points about pheniramine include:

1. Mechanism of action: Pheniramine blocks the action of histamine, a substance produced by the body that contributes to allergy symptoms such as runny nose, watery eyes, and itching.
2. Uses: Pheniramine is used to treat symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and runny nose. It is also used to treat cold symptoms, such as sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes.
3. Side effects: Common side effects of pheniramine include drowsiness, dry mouth, and dizziness.
4. Precautions: Pheniramine may cause drowsiness and should be used with caution when driving or operating heavy machinery. It may also interact with other medications, such as sedatives and other antihistamines, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking.
5. Availability: Pheniramine is available by prescription and over-the-counter in the form of tablets, capsules, and liquid. It is also available as a nasal spray and eye drops.

14. Midazolam

Midazolam is a benzodiazepine medication that is used for a variety of purposes, including the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and seizure disorders. It is also used as a premedication before surgery or certain medical procedures to help relax patients and reduce anxiety.

Here are some key points about midazolam:

• Midazolam is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, meaning it slows down brain activity and can produce sedative effects.
• Midazolam is administered orally, intravenously (IV), intramuscularly (IM), or rectally. The dosage and route of administration depend on the indication for use and the patient’s age, weight, and medical history.
• Common side effects of midazolam include drowsiness, dizziness, and lightheadedness. More serious side effects, such as respiratory depression and loss of consciousness, may occur with higher doses or in people who are more sensitive to the medication.
• Midazolam should be used with caution in people with a history of substance abuse or addiction, as it has the potential for abuse and dependence.
• Midazolam should not be used by people with a known hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines or any of the other ingredients in the formulation.
• Midazolam should be used with caution in older adults, as they may be more sensitive to the sedative effects of the medication.
• Midazolam should not be used by pregnant women, as it may cause harm to the developing fetus.
• Midazolam should be used with caution in people with liver or kidney impairment, as it may accumulate in the body and cause adverse effects.
• Midazolam should not be combined with alcohol or other CNS depressants, as it can potentiate the sedative effects of these substances.

15. Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that is produced by the adrenal gland and released into the bloodstream in response to stress or low blood pressure. It is used medically to treat a variety of conditions, including allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, and shock.

Injections of adrenaline can be administered through a variety of routes, including intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The appropriate route of administration depends on the specific condition being treated and the clinical presentation of the patient.

IV adrenaline injections are usually given through a vein in the arm or leg. This route allows the medication to be absorbed quickly into the bloodstream and can be used in emergencies when immediate action is needed.

IM adrenaline injections are given into the muscle of the upper arm, thigh, or buttocks. This route is slower to take effect than IV injection, but it can still be used in emergency situations.

SC adrenaline injections are given just under the skin, typically in the thigh or upper arm. This route is slower to take effect than IV or IM injection and is not typically used in emergencies. It may be used for long-term treatment of conditions such as asthma.

It is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider when administering adrenaline injections. Overdose or improper use of adrenaline can lead to serious side effects, including rapid or irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, and seizures.

16. Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone is a potent steroid medication that is used to treat a variety of conditions, including:

1. Inflammation and swelling: Dexamethasone is often used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the body. It can be used to treat conditions such as asthma, allergies, and rheumatoid arthritis.
2. Cancer: Dexamethasone is sometimes used to treat cancer, either alone or in combination with other medications. It can help to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
3. Adrenal gland disorders: Dexamethasone can be used to treat adrenal gland disorders, such as Addison’s disease, in which the body does not produce enough of the hormone cortisol.
4. Other conditions: Dexamethasone may also be used to treat a variety of other conditions, including multiple sclerosis, lupus, and certain eye conditions.

Dexamethasone is usually taken by mouth, but it can also be given by injection or as an eye drop. It is important to follow the dosing instructions provided by your healthcare provider, as the correct dosage may vary depending on the condition being treated and the individual patient.

17. Xylocaine

Xylocaine is a brand name for a group of medications known as local anesthetics. These medications are used to numb a specific area of the body to reduce pain or discomfort during medical procedures. Here are some key points about Xylocaine:

1. Xylocaine is available in several forms, including injectable solutions, topical gels, and sprays.
2. Xylocaine works by inhibiting the conduction of nerve impulses, which blocks the transmission of pain signals to the brain.
3. Xylocaine is used to numb the skin and mucous membranes before medical procedures such as injections, minor surgery, and dental procedures.
4. Xylocaine is generally safe and well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and allergic reactions.
5. Xylocaine should not be used in people who are allergic to any of its ingredients or in those with certain medical conditions, such as heart problems or a history of hypersensitivity to local anesthetics.
6. Xylocaine should be used with caution in pregnant or nursing women and in children, as it may be absorbed into the bloodstream and potentially harm the developing fetus or nursing infant.
7. It is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider when using Xylocaine and to inform them of any other medications you are taking or any allergies you have.

18. Multivitamin injection

A multivitamin is a supplement that contains a variety of different vitamins and minerals. These nutrients are essential for maintaining good health and supporting various bodily functions.

Multivitamin injections are typically administered intravenously (through a vein) or intramuscularly (into a muscle). Multivitamin injections are often used to treat nutrient deficiencies or to provide nutrients in cases where oral supplements are not sufficient.

Some common vitamins and minerals that may be included in a multivitamin include:

1. Vitamin A: important for vision, immune function, and skin health
2. Vitamin C: important for immune function, collagen production, and skin health
3. Vitamin D: important for bone health, immune function, and maintaining healthy blood pressure
4. Vitamin E: important for skin health, immune function, and antioxidant protection
5. Vitamin B complex: includes several B vitamins that are important for energy production, brain function, and maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails
6. Calcium: important for bone health and muscle function
7. Iron: important for carrying oxygen in the blood
8. Magnesium: important for bone health, nerve function, and muscle function
9. Zinc: important for immune function and wound healing

It is important to note that multivitamins are not a replacement for a healthy diet and should not be used to compensate for an unhealthy lifestyle or poor nutrition. It is always best to get your nutrients from a varied and balanced diet, but a multivitamin can be a useful supplement for people who may have difficulty meeting their nutrient needs through diet alone, such as vegetarians, vegans, or people with certain medical conditions.

19. Piperacillin and tazobactam(Pipzo)

Piperacillin and tazobactam is a combination antibiotic medication that is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Some key points about piperacillin and tazobactam include:

1. Mechanism of action: Piperacillin is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, while tazobactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that helps protect piperacillin from being inactivated by certain bacterial enzymes. Together, piperacillin and tazobactam work to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
2. Indications: Piperacillin and tazobactam is used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and sepsis.
3. Administration: Piperacillin and tazobactam is usually given by intravenous (IV) injection or infusion. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the severity and type of infection, as well as the patient’s age, weight, and overall health.
4. Side effects: Common side effects of piperacillin and tazobactam include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and allergic reactions. More serious side effects, such as anaphylaxis, can occur but are rare.
5. Contraindications: Piperacillin and tazobactam should not be used in patients who are allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics or who have a history of severe allergic reactions to other medications.

It is important to use piperacillin and tazobactam only as directed by a healthcare provider and to complete the full course of treatment to ensure that the infection is completely cleared.

20. Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is a medication that is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It belongs to a class of antibiotics called penicillins, which work by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Here are a few key points about amoxicillin:

1. Amoxicillin is available in several forms, including tablets, capsules, and oral suspensions.
2. It is usually taken by mouth, with or without food, once or twice a day as directed by a healthcare provider.
3. Amoxicillin is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including many types of streptococci, staphylococci, and certain strains of pneumonia.
4. Common side effects of amoxicillin include nausea, diarrhea, and allergic reactions.
5. Amoxicillin may interact with other medications, so it is important to inform a healthcare provider about all the drugs, supplements, and vitamins being taken.
6. Amoxicillin is generally considered safe and effective when used as directed, but it is important to complete the entire course of treatment to ensure that all of the bacteria are eliminated.

21. Meropenem

Meropenem is a type of antibiotic medication. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and abdominal infections. Some key points about meropenem include:

1. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including some that are resistant to other antibiotics.
2. It is typically administered intravenously (through a vein) and is available as a powder for injection.
3. It is generally well-tolerated, but like all medications, it can cause side effects in some people. These may include allergic reactions, nausea, diarrhea, and changes in liver function tests.
4. It is important to take the medication exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider and to finish the entire course of treatment to ensure that the infection is completely treated.
5. Meropenem should not be used in people who are allergic to it or to other antibiotics in the same class, such as imipenem.
6. It is important to use antibiotics only when they are needed to help reduce the risk of developing antibiotic resistance.

22. Hydrocortisone Injection

Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid medication that is used to reduce inflammation in the body. It can be administered in a variety of ways, including orally (by mouth), topically (applied to the skin), and by injection.

Injections of hydrocortisone are often given directly into the site of inflammation, such as a joint or muscle. This is called an “intra-articular” or “intramuscular” injection, respectively. Hydrocortisone injections may also be given intravenously (into a vein) or subcutaneously (just under the skin).

The specific technique for administering a hydrocortisone injection will depend on the type of injection being given and the location of the injection site. It is important that hydrocortisone injections be given by a healthcare provider who is trained in the proper technique to minimize the risk of complications.

Hydrocortisone injections can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including inflammatory joint conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, and tendonitis. They may also be used to treat skin conditions, allergies, and certain autoimmune disorders.

23. Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate injection, also known as bicarbonate of soda or baking soda, is a chemical compound that can be used medicinally to treat a variety of conditions.

Injections of sodium bicarbonate can be administered intravenously (into a vein) or intramuscularly (into a muscle). The specific dosage and frequency of injections will depend on the condition being treated and the individual patient’s needs.

Sodium bicarbonate injections are used to treat conditions such as:

• Acidosis: Sodium bicarbonate can be used to correct acidosis, a condition in which the body’s pH becomes too acidic.
• Cardiac arrest: Sodium bicarbonate may be used as a component of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to help neutralize the acidosis that occurs during cardiac arrest.
• Overdose of certain medications: Sodium bicarbonate may be used to treat an overdose of certain medications, such as salicylates, that can cause acidosis.

It is important to note that sodium bicarbonate injections should only be administered by a healthcare professional, as improper administration can have serious consequences. If you have any questions or concerns about the use of sodium bicarbonate injections, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider.

24. Tetanus Injection

Tetanus is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection that is caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani. It is important to be protected against tetanus through vaccination, as the infection can cause muscle spasms and stiffness, difficulty swallowing, and other serious symptoms.

The tetanus vaccine is typically administered through an injection in the muscle. It is usually given in the upper arm for adults, and in the thigh for infants and young children. The vaccine is usually given as a series of shots, with booster doses recommended every 10 years to maintain immunity.

25. Factor 9

Factor 9 is a blood-clotting protein that is produced by the body and is also available as a injectable medication. It is used to treat and prevent bleeding in people with clotting disorders, such as hemophilia A or B. It is administered by injection, usually into a vein or muscle, and may be given on a regular basis to prevent bleeding episodes or as needed to stop bleeding that has already started.

Some common side effects of factor 9 injection include pain at the injection site, allergic reactions, and nausea. It is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider when using factor 9 injection and to report any side effects or concerns to them. It is also important to store and handle factor 9 injection correctly to avoid contamination and to keep it from losing its effectiveness.

26. Furosemide(Lasix)

Furosemide is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called diuretics. It is commonly used to treat high blood pressure and swelling (edema) associated with heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disorders. Here are some key points about furosemide:

1. Mechanism of action: Furosemide works by increasing the amount of urine produced by the kidneys, which helps to remove excess fluid from the body.
2. Uses: Furosemide is used to treat high blood pressure and edema caused by a variety of conditions, including heart failure, kidney disease, and liver disease. It may also be used to treat other conditions that cause excess fluid accumulation, such as certain types of kidney stones.
3. Dosage: Furosemide is available in a variety of forms, including tablets, oral solutions, and injectable solutions. The dosage and frequency of use will depend on the condition being treated and the response to treatment.
4. Precautions: Furosemide can interact with other medications and may not be suitable for everyone. It is important to tell your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
5. Side effects: Common side effects of furosemide include low blood pressure, dizziness, and electrolyte imbalances. More serious side effects may include allergic reactions, kidney damage, and hearing loss.
6. Storage: Furosemide should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. It is important to keep all medications out of reach of children and pets.

27. Gentamicin

Gentamicin is an antibiotic medication that is used to treat a variety of infections caused by bacteria. It belongs to a class of antibiotics called aminoglycosides. Some points to consider about gentamicin include:

1. Gentamicin is usually given intravenously (through a vein) or intramuscularly (into a muscle).
2. It is effective against a wide range of bacterial infections, including those of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin, and bones.
3. It is generally well-tolerated, but can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
4. It is important to use gentamicin as directed by a healthcare provider, as overuse or improper use can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
5. Gentamicin may interact with other medications, so it is important to inform a healthcare provider of all medications being taken.
6. Gentamicin is not recommended for use in pregnant women or nursing mothers, as it can be harmful to a developing fetus or infant.
7. People with certain medical conditions, such as kidney or hearing problems, may need to be monitored closely while taking gentamicin.
8. It is important to complete the full course of treatment to ensure that the infection is fully cleared.

28. Ampicillin

Ampicillin is a type of antibiotic that belongs to the penicillin family. It is used to treat a variety of infections caused by bacteria, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, urinary tract infections, and infections of the skin. It is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including many types of Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae, as well as some types of Salmonella and Shigella.

Here are some key points about ampicillin:

• Ampicillin is usually taken by mouth in the form of capsules or tablets, although it can also be given intravenously (through a vein) in a hospital setting.
• Ampicillin is typically used to treat infections that are caused by susceptible bacteria. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, which leads to the death of the bacteria.
• Ampicillin is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects in some people, such as nausea, diarrhea, and allergic reactions.
• Ampicillin may interact with other medications, so it is important to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking.
• Ampicillin should be used with caution in people with a history of allergic reactions to penicillins or other antibiotics.
• Ampicillin should be taken exactly as prescribed by your doctor. It is important to finish the full course of treatment to ensure that the infection is completely cleared. Stopping treatment early can increase the risk of the infection returning.

29. Tetracycline

Tetracycline is an antibiotic that is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It belongs to a class of drugs called tetracyclines, which work by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Here are some key points about tetracycline:

• Tetracycline is typically used to treat infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and soft tissue.
• It is effective against a broad range of bacteria, including those that cause acne, chlamydia, and Lyme disease.
• Tetracycline can be taken orally or applied topically.
• Tetracycline can cause side effects, including nausea, diarrhea, and allergic reactions.
• Tetracycline can interact with other medications and supplements, so it is important to discuss all of your current medications with your healthcare provider before starting tetracycline.
• Tetracycline is not recommended for use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
• Tetracycline should be taken as directed by your healthcare provider. It is important to finish the entire course of treatment, even if you start to feel better, to ensure that all of the bacteria are eliminated.

30. Aminoglycosides

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that are used to treat serious bacterial infections. They work by interfering with the production of proteins in bacteria, which prevents the bacteria from growing and multiplying.

Some key points about aminoglycosides include:

1. Aminoglycosides are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including those that cause pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and infections of the skin, bones, and joints.
2. They are typically given by injection, either intravenously (into a vein) or intramuscularly (into a muscle).
3. Aminoglycosides can cause side effects, including kidney damage, hearing loss, and allergic reactions.
4. They are usually reserved for serious or life-threatening infections because they can be toxic and are not as effective as other antibiotics when used to treat less serious infections.
5. Aminoglycosides should not be used in people who have kidney problems or hearing loss, as they can worsen these conditions.
6. They should be used with caution in older adults, as they are more prone to the side effects of these drugs.
   • Resistance to aminoglycosides is a growing concern, and these drugs should be used only when other treatment options have failed or are not suitable for the patient.

31. Ketamine

1. Ketamine is a medication primarily used for starting and maintaining anesthesia. It is also used as a recreational drug, often referred to as “Special K.”
2. Ketamine is classified as a Schedule III controlled substance in the United States and has a high potential for abuse.
3. Ketamine works by inhibiting the transmission of pain signals in the brain and can produce a dissociative state, meaning it can cause people to feel detached from their surroundings and themselves.
4. ketamine can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or as an oral solution.
5. Common side effects of ketamine include dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, and changes in blood pressure and heart rate.
6. Long-term use of ketamine can lead to bladder problems, memory loss, and addiction.
7. Ketamine should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider and should not be used recreationally.

32. Diazepam

Diazepam is a medication that is used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures. It is also used to treat alcohol withdrawal syndrome and as a sedative before surgery. Some common brand names for diazepam include Valium and Diastat.

Here are some key points about diazepam:

• Diazepam belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines. These medications work by increasing the activity of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain, which helps to produce a calming effect.
• Diazepam is usually taken by mouth in the form of a tablet or liquid. The dose and frequency of diazepam will depend on the condition being treated and the individual patient.
• Common side effects of diazepam may include drowsiness, dizziness, and muscle weakness. More serious side effects may include confusion, impaired coordination, and impaired judgment.
• Diazepam can be addictive if it is taken for a long period of time or in high doses. It is important to follow the prescribed dosing instructions and not to stop taking the medication abruptly, as this can cause withdrawal symptoms.
• Diazepam should be used with caution in people with liver or kidney problems, as well as in people who have a history of drug or alcohol abuse.
• It is important to tell your doctor about all medications that you are taking, including vitamins and supplements, before starting treatment with diazepam. Some medications may interact with diazepam and cause dangerous side effects.